Seaweed farming has gained worldwide attention as a sustainable economic driver, providing benefits for food security, marine conservation, and climate resilience. However, success in this industry depends on well-structured policies that address regional challenges. Established markets focus on expansion and innovation while emerging markets work to develop clear regulations and investment opportunities.

A 2024 study by Hatch Innovation Services and The Nature Conservancy analyzed global seaweed farming policies. Their findings highlight how different mature, expanding, and emerging seaweed industries are shaping policies to ensure long-term sustainability and growth.

South Korea - A Global Leader in Seaweed Farming

Strong Government Support and Research Investment

South Korea is one of the largest producers of seaweed, particularly in "gim" (nori), a widely exported product. The country maintains its global market dominance through government-backed research, technological advancements, and strategic policies.

A major factor in South Korea’s success is investment in genetic research. These initiatives improve seaweed seed quality, making crops more resilient to environmental stress. Countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, which face challenges due to climate change, could benefit from adopting similar research-driven policies.

Instagram | kto_india | South Korea's seaweed industry thrives globally due to government investment and technological progress.

Technological Innovation and Advanced Infrastructure

Modern infrastructure plays a key role in ensuring product quality and maintaining global competitiveness. South Korea has built advanced drying and processing facilities, allowing its seaweed industry to meet strict international standards.

Additionally, the country promotes integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), a farming method that enhances both environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. With nearshore farming capacity reaching its limit, policymakers are now focusing on offshore and land-based solutions.

Lessons From South Korea’s Policies

South Korea’s strategy demonstrates the importance of continuous innovation and adaptation. Even well-established industries must invest in research, sustainability, and technological improvements to remain competitive in global markets.

Norway - Expanding a Growing Seaweed Industry

Transition From Wild Harvesting to Commercial Farming

Norway has a long tradition of wild seaweed harvesting but is now transitioning to commercial aquaculture. While the industry remains smaller than South Korea’s, Norway is using its marine industry expertise to develop a sustainable seaweed economy.

Currently, regulations for seaweed farming follow finfish aquaculture laws. However, many industry experts argue that these policies do not fully accommodate the unique needs of seaweed farmers. To address this, discussions are underway to create specific regulations for seaweed cultivation.

Research Investments and Market Expansion

Norway has made significant investments in research and technology. Government-backed technology transfer programs connect scientists with industry leaders, improving farming techniques, product innovation, and market growth.

Instagram | tangoseaweed | Norway cultivates a sustainable seaweed economy, moving from traditional wild harvesting to aquaculture.

A major development occurred in July 2023, when Norway included seaweed in the Norwegian Fish Export Act. This policy now allows seaweed farmers to access international marketing campaigns and funding support through the Norwegian Seafood Council.

Key Takeaways From Norway’s Approach

Norway’s policies highlight how emerging seaweed industries can grow through research-driven initiatives, supportive regulations, and access to export markets. Prioritizing quality control and sustainable farming practices allows other developing seaweed industries to establish a strong foundation.

New Zealand - A Roadmap for Emerging Seaweed Markets

Early-Stage Development and Indigenous Collaboration

New Zealand is in the early stages of developing a commercial seaweed industry, transitioning from wild harvesting to sustainable aquaculture. The country has identified six commercially viable seaweed species, ensuring that Māori cultural knowledge is integrated into farming practices.

Since 2014, initiatives like the Sustainable Seas National Science Challenge have shaped policies focusing on marine conservation and resource management. These efforts aim to balance economic growth with environmental protection.

Government Support and Infrastructure Development

New Zealand has committed $26 million to seaweed aquaculture research and development. These funds support projects aimed at improving farming techniques, processing innovations, and new product applications in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and bio-based materials.

To ensure industry-wide collaboration, the Aotearoa New Zealand Seaweed Association (ANZSA) was launched in 2021. This organization serves as a central hub for government agencies, researchers, and industry leaders, driving policy development and advocacy.

What New Zealand’s Approach Teaches Other Markets

New Zealand’s policies emphasize the importance of collaboration, investment, and regulatory clarity. Emerging markets can accelerate seaweed industry growth by reducing licensing barriers, increasing funding for research, and fostering strong partnerships between government and industry players.

Instagram | bangsislandmussels | New Zealand's emerging seaweed industry is moving towards sustainable aquaculture.

Common Strategies for Sustainable Seaweed Policies

Despite differences in market maturity, successful seaweed policies share several key strategies:

1. Clear Regulatory Frameworks – Well-defined policies simplify licensing processes and ensure environmental compliance.
2. Infrastructure Investment – Developing modern processing facilities improves product quality and market competitiveness.
3. Research and Innovation – Government-funded research enhances seed quality, farming techniques, and sustainability efforts.
4. Market Development – Policies that support global trade and marketing campaigns strengthen export opportunities.
5. Sustainability and Conservation – Eco-friendly farming methods help balance economic development with marine conservation.

The Future of Seaweed Farming 

As seaweed farming expands, adaptive policies will shape its future success and sustainability. Countries like South Korea, Norway, and New Zealand provide valuable lessons on how strategic regulations, research investments, and industry collaboration can drive long-term growth.

By learning from successful global models, emerging markets can establish resilient seaweed industries while ensuring economic prosperity and environmental balance.